// vim: tw=80
/*******************************************************************************
* PK Single-Header-Library V@@PK_VERSION@@
*
* Author:           Jonathan Bradley
* Copyright:        © 2024-@@YEAR@@ Jonathan Bradley
* Description:
*
* A collection of useful programming tools, available for C and C++ as a
*  single-header file. To enable, in ONE single C or C++ file, declare
*  PK_IMPL_ALL before including pk.h.
*
* Example:
*
* pk.h.include.c
* ``` c
* #define PK_IMPL_ALL
* #include "pk.h"
* ```
*
* It is also possible to enable modules ad-hoc by defining each IMPL
*  individually:
*
* pk.h.include.c
* ``` c
* # define PK_IMPL_MEM_TYPES
* # define PK_IMPL_MEM
* # define PK_IMPL_STR
* # define PK_IMPL_EV
* # define PK_IMPL_ARR
* # define PK_IMPL_STN
* #include "pk.h"
* ```
*
********************************************************************************
* pkmacros.h:
*
* Provides a set of useful macros for a variety of uses.
*
* The macros PK_LOG* provide simple logging utilities. These can be overridden
*  by providing your own implementations of each and defining PK_LOG_OVERRIDE
*  before including pk.h Note that each of these are no-op'd if NDEBUG is
*  defined.
*
* The TypeSafeInt_H and TypeSafeInt_B macros provide a way to define
*  type-specific integers, implemented via enums.
*
********************************************************************************
* pktmpl.h: only contains c++ templates, no IMPL.
*
* Provides template structs for trampolines, allowing c-style callbacks with
*  capturing lambdas.
*
* Examples:
* ```c++
* int some_counter = 0;
* using IterCbWrapper = pk_tmpln_1<void, int*, void*>;
* IterCbWrapper cb_wrapper{};
* cb_wrapper.func = [&some_counter](int *lhs)
* {
*   (void)lhs;
*   some_counter += 1;
*   return;
* };
* pk_bkt_arr_iterate(&bkt_arr, &IterCbWrapper::invoke, &cb_wrapper);
* assert(some_count == 1);
* ```
*
********************************************************************************
* pkmem-types.h: def PK_IMPL_MEM_TYPES before including pk.h to enable ad-hoc.
*
* Provides the types needed by pkmem, as well as a generic pk_handle featuring a
*  bucket+item indexing system.
*
********************************************************************************
* pkmem.h: def PK_IMPL_MEM before including pk.h to enable ad-hoc.
*
* A bucketed memory manager. Allows for the creation of ad-hoc buckets.
*
* Note: Each created pk_membucket MUST call pk_bucket_destroy(bkt). Memory
*  buckets are client managed.
*
* Thread safety: "pk_new" and "pk_delete" methods *are* thread-safe, but
*  thread-safety is implemented per-bucket via a single mutex with long-running
*  lock times. PRs for a more performant thread-safe strategy are welcome,
*  complexity and benchmark depending.
*
* The following definitions (shown with defaults) can be overridden:
* PK_MEM_DEFAULT_BUCKET_SIZE 256MB (client-convenience only)
* PK_MINIMUM_ALIGNMENT       1
*
* For debugging purposes, define the following:
* PK_MEMORY_DEBUGGER : enables a tracking system for all allocs and frees to
*  ensure bucket validity and consistency.
* PK_MEMORY_FORCE_MALLOC : completely disables pkmem and its debugging features
*  in favor of directly using malloc and free. Useful for out-of-bounds
*  checking.
*
********************************************************************************
* pkstr.h: def PK_IMPL_STR before including pk.h to enable ad-hoc.
*
* Provides a simple string structure, allowing the user to track the string
*  length and reserved buffer length. Limits max string length to uint32_t max
*  size, which is roughly 4GB.
*
* Tip: set reserved to 0 for compile-time strings as well as for strings alloc'd
*  in a larger buffer (such as bulk-loaded data).
*
********************************************************************************
* pkev.h: def PK_IMPL_EV before including pk.h to enable ad-hoc.
*
* Provides a simple event callback system. While the _init and _teardown
*  functions are NOT thread-safe, the _register and _emit functions are.
*  Note: uses malloc.
*
* Each mgr is stored contiguously with its data. Consider the following layout:
* [[mgr][ev 0][ev 1][..][ev N][ev 1 cb array][ev 2 cb array][..][ev N cb array]]
*
* The following definitions (shown with defaults) can be overridden:
* PK_EV_INIT_MGR_COUNT       1
* PK_EV_INIT_EV_COUNT        16
* PK_EV_INIT_CB_COUNT        8
* PK_EV_GROW_RATIO           1.5
*
* The number of evs and cbs (per ev) is stored as a uint8_t, so a hard-limit of
*  255 is to be observed for each. The number of mgrs is stored as a uint64_t.
*
* Note that PK_EV_GROW_RATIO is used in two scenarios:
*  1. When registering an ev on a full mgr.
*  2. When registering a cb on a full ev.
* The grow ratio is applied to the ev count and cb count in their respective
*  scenarios. This causes a new allocation for the entire mgr. The existing
*  mgr and its evs and cbs are copied to the new larger buffer space.
*  Explicitly, the number of mgrs does not grow dynamically. Use
*  PK_EV_INIT_MGR_COUNT to control the number of mgrs.
*
* Note that increasing PK_EV_INIT_MGR_COUNT isn't recommended, but you may
*  consider doing so if you have specific size or contiguity requirements. For
*  example, you could -DPK_EV_INIT_EV_COUNT=1 to reduce the memory footprint of
*  each event/mgr, and simply create a new mgr for each needed event. Be aware
*  that in this provided scenario a given mgr will still grow if a second EV is
*  registered.
*
********************************************************************************
* pkarr.h: def PK_IMPL_ARR before including pk.h to enable ad-hoc
*
* Provides a structure for managing contiguous lists
*
* The following definitions (shown with defaults) can be overridden:
* PK_ARR_INITIAL_COUNT        16
* PK_ARR_GROW_RATIO           1.5
* PK_ARR_MOVE_IN_PLACE       (not defined)
*
* The macro `PK_ARR_MOVE_IN_PLACE` ensures that when possible, the pointer value
*  of `arr->data` is preserved.
* It is used in the following methods:
*  `pk_arr_move_to_back`
*  `pk_arr_remove_at`
* This has two additinal benefits:
*  1. Minimizing the number and `sz` of calls to `pk_new`
*  2. Ensuring `data[0]` to `data[(N - 1) * stride]` is not copied extraneously
*   to a new buffer.
* The speed of this will vary depending on usage, platform, and compiler.
*
* Initialize `stride`, `alignment`, and `bkt` (optional) members
*  *before* calling any `pk_arr_*` methods.
* Alternatively, if using c++, use the template ctor.
*
* Examples:
* ``` c
* struct pk_arr arr = {0};
* arr.stride = sizeof(obj);     // required
* arr.alignment = alignof(obj); // required
* arr.bkt = bkt;                // optional
* pk_arr_reserve(&arr, 10);     // optional
* pk_arr_append(&arr, &obj);
* ```
* ``` c++
* struct pk_arr<some_type> arr(bkt);
* pk_arr_reserve(&arr, 10);     // optional
* pk_arr_append(&arr, &obj);
* ```
* ``` c
* struct pk_arr arr = {0};
* arr.stride = sizeof(obj);     // required
* arr.alignment = alignof(obj); // required
* arr.bkt = bkt;                // optional
* pk_arr_resize(&arr, 10);
* obj* d = (obj*)arr->data;
* d[0] = ...;
* ```
* ``` c++
* struct pk_arr_t<some_type> arr();
* pk_arr_resize(&arr, 10);
* arr[0] = {};
* ```
*
********************************************************************************
* pkstn.h: def PK_IMPL_STN before including pk.h to enable ad-hoc.
*
* Provides a thorough interface for interacting with the `stoi` family of
*  procedures.
*
********************************************************************************
* pktmr.h: No IMPL define, all methods are macros.
*
* Offers a set of `pk_tmr*` macros for elapsed time checking.
*
* The following definitions (shown with defaults) can be overridden:
* PK_TMR_CLOCK               CLOCK_MONOTONIC
*
* If your needs require you to use more than one clock, I recommend calling
*  `clock_gettime` manually instead of calling `pk_tmr_start`/`pk_tmr_stop`.
* `pk_tmr.b` is the start time.
* `pk_tmr.e` end the end time.
* You could then call the `pk_tmr_duration...` convenience macros as needed.
*
********************************************************************************
* pkuuid.h: define PK_IMPL_UUID before including pk.h to enable ad-hoc.
*
* Provides a 16-byte unsigned char array struct for uuids.
*
* The following definitions (shown with defaults) can be overridden:
* PK_UUID_CLOCK              CLOCK_TAI      (preferred, if available)
* PK_UUID_CLOCK              CLOCK_REALTIME (fallback)
*
* The `PK_UUID_CLOCK` macro has minimal built-in fallback logic.
* The uuidv7 specification states that the timestamp portion of the uuid must be
*  a unix epoch, leap seconds EXCLUDED. Only `CLOCK_TAI` meets this requirement
*  on Linux.
*
* Note that this currectly calls `srand()` once at startup, and calls `rand()`
*  2 times for each uuidv7 to fill 74 bits with random data (with an XOR for the
*  remaining 10 bits).
*
********************************************************************************
* pkbktarr.h: define PK_IMPL_BKTARR before including pk.h to enable ad-hoc.
*
* Provides a struct for bucketed data allocation.
*
* Maximum (default) bucket limits are as follows:
* buckets:        0xFFFFFF    (16777215)
* items/bucket:   0x40        (64)
*
* Note that you may specify separate `pk_membucket`s for the the struct's
*  arrays `bucketed_data` + `idx_unused`, and the actual bucketed array data
*  found within `bucketed_data`.
* If the `pk_membucket` for "data" is exclusive to this struct, each bucket (and
*  by extension, the data) will be contiguious in memory.
*
* Examples:
* ```c
* struct pk_bkt_arr_handle custom_limits;
* custom_limits.b = 8;
* custom_limits.i = 8;
* struct pk_bkt_arr arr;
* pk_bkt_arr_init(
*   &arr, sizeof(int), alignof(int), custom_limits, bkt_buckets, bkt_data);
* struct pk_bkt_arr_handle h = pk_bkt_arr_new_handle(&arr);
* int **int_ptrs = (int**)arr.bucketed_data;
* int_ptrs[h.b][h.i] = 128;
* pk_bkt_arr_free_handle(&arr, h);
* pk_bkt_arr_teardown(&arr);
* ```
* ```c++
* // default limits, no pk_membucket
* struct pk_bkt_arr<int> arr();
* struct pk_bkt_arr_handle h = pk_bkt_arr_new_handle(&arr);
* arr[h] = 128;
* pk_bkt_arr_free_handle(&arr, h);
* pk_bkt_arr_teardown(&arr);
* ```
*
********************************************************************************
* pkbktarr.h: define PK_IMPL_FUNCINSTR before including pk.h to enable ad-hoc.
*
* Provides function instrumentation.
*
* Note: Currently only supports gcc/g++.
* Note: Currently only prints results.
*
* Examples:
* ```c
* main() {
*   pk_funcinstr_init();
*   ...
*   pk_funcinstr_teardown();
* }
* ```
*
********************************************************************************
* pktst.h: define PK_IMPL_TST before including pk.h to enable ad-hoc.
*
* Provides a simple testing framework
*
* Examples:
* ```c
* main() {
*   pk_test_run_test_groups(&my_get_test_group_func, 1);
* }
* ```
*
*******************************************************************************/

#define PK_VERSION "@@PK_VERSION@@"

#ifdef PK_IMPL_ALL
# ifndef PK_IMPL_MEM_TYPES
#  define PK_IMPL_MEM_TYPES
# endif
# ifndef PK_IMPL_MEM
#  define PK_IMPL_MEM
# endif
# ifndef PK_IMPL_STR
#  define PK_IMPL_STR
# endif
# ifndef PK_IMPL_EV
#  define PK_IMPL_EV
# endif
# ifndef PK_IMPL_ARR
#  define PK_IMPL_ARR
# endif
# ifndef PK_IMPL_STN
#  define PK_IMPL_STN
# endif
# ifndef PK_IMPL_UUID
#  define PK_IMPL_UUID
# endif
# ifndef PK_IMPL_BKTARR
#  define PK_IMPL_BKTARR
# endif
# ifndef PK_IMPL_FUNCINSTR
#  define PK_IMPL_FUNCINSTR
# endif
# ifndef PK_IMPL_TST
#  define PK_IMPL_TST
# endif
#endif